History of the Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Two Italian immigrants, Nicola Sacco and Batolomeo Vanzetti, died in the electric chair in 1927, and their case was widely seen as an injustice.  After convictions for murder, followed by a lengthy legal battle to clear their names, their executions were met with mass protests across America and Europe. Some aspects of the Sacco and Vanzetti case would not seem out of place in modern society. The two men were portrayed as dangerous foreigners. They were both members of anarchist groups, and faced trial at a time when political radicals engaged in brutal and dramatic acts of violence, including a 1920 terrorist bombing on Wall Street. Both men had avoided military service in World War I, at one point escaping the draft by going to Mexico. It was later rumored that their time spent in Mexico, in the company of other anarchists, had been spent  learning how to make bombs. Their long legal battle began following a violent and deadly payroll robbery on a Massachusetts street in the spring of 1920. The crime seemed to be a common robbery, not anything to do with radical politics. But when a police investigation led to Sacco and Vanzetti, their radical political history seemed to make them likely suspects. Before their trial  even began in 1921, prominent figures declared that the men were being framed. And donors came forward help them hire competent legal help. Following their conviction, protests against the United States broke out in European cities. A bomb was delivered to the American ambassador to Paris. In the United States, skepticism about the conviction surged. The demand that Sacco and Vanzetti be cleared continued for years as the men sat in prison. Eventually their legal appeals ran out, and they were executed in the electric chair  in the early hours of August 23, 1927. Nine decades after their deaths, the Sacco and Vanzetti case remains a disturbing episode in American history. The Robbery The armed robbery which began the Sacco and Vanzetti case was remarkable for the amount of cash stolen, $15,000 (early reports gave an even higher estimate), and because two gunmen shot two men in broad daylight. One victim died immediately and the other died the next day. It seemed to be the work of a brazen stick-up gang, not a crime that would turn into a prolonged political and social drama. The robbery occurred on April 15, 1920, on a street of a Boston suburb, South Braintree, Massachusetts. The paymaster of a local shoe company carried a box of cash, divided up into pay envelopes to be distributed to workers. The paymaster, along with an accompanying guard, were intercepted by two men who drew guns.   The robbers shot the paymaster and the guard, grabbed the cash box, and quickly jumped into a getaway car driven by an accomplice (and said to be holding other passengers). The robbers managed to drive off and disappear. The getaway car was later found abandoned in a nearby woods. Background of the Accused Sacco and Vanzetti were both born in Italy, and, coincidentally, both arrived in America in 1908. Nicola Sacco, who settled in Massachusetts, got into a training program for shoemakers and became a highly skilled worker with a good job in a shoe factory. He married, and had a young son at the time of his arrest. Bartolomeo Vanzetti, who arrived in New York, had a more difficult time in his new country. He struggled to find work, and had a succession of menial jobs before becoming a fish peddler in the Boston area. The two men met at some point through their interest in radical political causes. Both became exposed to anarchist handbills and newspapers during a time when labor unrest led to very contentious strikes across America. In New England, strikes at factories and mills turned into a radical cause and both men became involved with the anarchist movement. When the United States entered the World War in 1917, the federal government instituted a draft. Both Sacco and Vanzetti, along with other anarchists, traveled to Mexico to avoid serving in the military. In line with anarchist literature of the day, they claimed the war was unjust and was really motivated by business interests. The two men escaped prosecution for avoiding the draft, and after the war  they resumed their previous lives in Massachusetts. But they remained interested in the anarchist cause just as the Red Scare gripped the country.   The Trial Sacco and Vanzetti were not the original suspects in the robbery case. But when police sought to apprehend  someone they suspected, attention fell on Sacco and Vanzetti nearly by chance. The two men happened to be with the suspect when he went to retrieve a car, which the police had linked to the case. On the night of May 5, 1920, the two men were riding a streetcar after visiting a garage with two friends. Police, tracking the men who had been to the garage after receiving a tip, boarded the streetcar and arrested Sacco and Vanzetti on a vague charge of being suspicious characters. Both men were carrying pistols, and they were held in a local jail on a concealed weapons charge. And as the police began to investigate their lives, suspicion fell on them for the armed robbery a few weeks earlier in South Braintree. The links to anarchist groups soon became apparent, and searches of their apartments turned up radical literature. The police theory of the case was that the robbery must have been part of an anarchist plot to fund violent activities. Sacco and Vanzetti were soon charged with murder. Additionally, Vanzetti was charged, and quickly put on trial and convicted, of another armed robbery in which a clerk was killed. By the time the two men were put on trial for the deadly robbery at the shoe company their case was being widely publicized.  The New York Times, on May 30, 1921, published an article describing the defense strategy. Supporters of Sacco and Vanzetti maintained the men were being tried not for robbery and murder but for being foreign radicals. A sub-headline read, Charge Two Radicals Are Victims of Department of Justice Plot. Despite the public support and the enlistment of a talented legal team, the two men were convicted on July 14, 1921, following a trial of several weeks. The police evidence rested on eyewitness testimony, some of which was contradictory, and disputed ballistics evidence that seemed to show a bullet fired in the robbery came from Vanzettis pistol. Campaign  for Justice For the next six years, the two men sat in prison as legal challenges to their original conviction played out. The trial judge, Webster Thayer, steadfastly refused to grant a new trial (as he could have under Massachusetts law). Legal scholars, including Felix Frankfurter, a professor at Harvard Law School and a future justice on the U.S. Supreme Court, argued about the case. Frankfurter published a book expressing his doubts about whether the two defendants had received a fair trial. Around the world, the Sacco and Vanzetti case turned into a popular cause. The United States legal system was criticized in rallies in major European cities. And violent attacks, including bombings, were aimed at American institutions overseas. In October 1921, the American ambassador in Paris had a bomb sent to him in a package marked perfumes. The bomb detonated, slightly wounding the ambassadors valet. The New York Times, in a front-page story about the incident, noted that the bomb seemed to be part of a campaign by Reds outraged about the Sacco and Vanzetti trial. The long legal fight over the case went on for years. During that time, anarchists used the case as an example of how the United States was a fundamentally unjust society.   In the spring of 1927, the two men were finally sentenced to death. As the execution date drew near, more rallies and protests were held in Europe and across the United States.   The two men died in the electric chair in a Boston prison early on the morning of August 23, 1927. The event was major news, and the New York Times of that day carried a large headline about their execution across the entire top of the front page.   Legacy of Sacco and Vanzetti The controversy over Sacco and Vanzetti never entirely faded away. Over the nine decades since their conviction and execution many books have been written on the subject. Investigators have looked at the case and have even examined the evidence using  new technology. But serious doubts still remain about misconduct by the police and prosecutors and whether the two men received a fair trial.   Various  works of fiction and poetry  were inspired by their case. Folksinger  Woody Guthrie  wrote a series of songs about them. In  The Flood and The Storm  Guthrie sang, More millions did march for Sacco and Vanzetti  than did march for the great War Lords.

The Start of America with George Washington - 750 Words

The United States has a very rich and eventful history dating from the first settlers to arrive at Jamestown to the present day. Within this time frame, many leaders have emerged to add their own personal achievements and successes to this rich history. One is particular is our first President George Washington. Washington is well known for his tenacious personality, his drive for freedom against Brittan, and finally is desire to keep newly liberated United States unified. Washington shows all of this in his Farewell Address once he stated that he would not run for a third term. In this address he advises the country to abandon a party system, beware of foreign alliances, and establish a country based on religion and morality. The major point that Washington heavily address is the eradication of political parties within the US. According to Washington political parties agitate[s] the community with ill-founded and false alarms; meaning that political parties cause a disruption within the communitys cohesion. Political parties can cause a huge schism between groups of people. Since parties have a certain platform that expresses a groups moral, economical, and social views, it can be easy and often common place for those of opposing parties to be have tension. Washington knew that this would be the case when if political parties continued. Each party would have their own agenda meaning that they would focus on the parties interest and not truly advocate for the countriesShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington : Man, Myth, Legend Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesFrom cutting a cherry tree at the age of six to being the first president of the United States George Washington was a very influential man throughout his career. 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This is not only because George Washington was the first president of the United States of America, but also because of his character. George Washington was more than just a politician, he was a national leader and an example for many of his followers. Many look to George Washington for the great things he accomplished in his lifetime. Winning the War for American Independence, being theRead MoreGeorge Washington And The Era Of The American Revolution1569 Words   |  7 PagesAccepted Masons or Ancient Free and Accepted Masons that has certain secret rituals†. George Washington was one of the American elites to join the Freemasonry society, their intentions weren t to better themselves but to mimic the â€Å"English gentill behavior†, even though the organization actually ending up contributed to the development of the American Revolution. 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When George was ten his older brother Lawrence came homeRead MoreWashington’s Second Term: The Election of 17921084 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1789, George Washington was unanimously elected by all 69 members of congress, to be the very first president of the United States of America. This unanimous vote was the result of Washington’s background. He was very well known in the thirteen states for being the leader of the great Continental Army, one that defeated the British in several key battles that ensured freedom and independence to the United States. Washington was also one of the people that helped found the Constitution, and heRead MoreThe Founding Father Project : George Washington1159 Words   |  5 PagesProject George Washington is the best Founding Father then all of the rest of the Founding Fathers,and that ever lived.George Washington has shaped America into almost perfection and has achieved the status of a legend.George Washington has achieved all of this by taking part in Pre-Revolutionary War,During the Revolution,and Post-Revolutionary War.He will be forever known as the man who made The United States of America,and â€Å"The Father of his Country†. Before the Revolution, George Washington had been

DBQ Native Americans-White Relations, 1800-1850 Essay

AP US History DBQ: Native Americans-White Relations, 1800-1850 In the time period of 1800-1850 white Americans expanded across the vast lands on the western side of the continent and regularly encountered conflict with various Indian nations. In these documents, interactions for the various Indian nations were subjected to different cultivation between each tribe per say that there were responses that filled different needs and demands. Some tribes provided benefits such as agriculture and household manufacture and produced the idea that settlements to be blended and conform into one people. Other interactions created conflict because some of our land purchases were not 100% in compliance with the constitution. Yet some Indian nations†¦show more content†¦B. However these promotions and ideas were only a cover-up of that the â€Å"governor got them to sign a deed for their land without their knowledge†. The chief’s considerer it out of consideration to that it was not in the ir power to do any such thing without consent from other nations. . The Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole nations were the only 5 major tribes that were highly affected from the Indian removal acts and were forced into Indian reservations ex. Doc D. The Indians were highly influenced by Tecumseh and gave him immediate obedience and respect for he was an â€Å"uncommon genius, which spring up occasionally to produce revolutions or overturn the established order of things† ex Doc. C. Yet due to the want vs. need for land the vicinity of the United States when Tecumseh died in the Battle of Thames from American forces. Tecumseh’s goal of establishing a independent Indian nation were clearly ruined and the recruitment of the 5 nations up towards the east of the Mississippi river. In conclusion, the time period of 1800-1850 white Americans expanded across the western side of the continent encountered conflict and different interactions with various Indian nations. Popular belief believed that that to achieve an ultimate point of rest and happiness that they should share their settlements andShow MoreRelatedBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesUsing the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, Sixth Edition A Teachers’ Guide Ray Soderholm Minnetonka High School Minnetonka, Minnesota Using the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition A Teachers’ Guide This guide is intended to suggest some possible ways that students may organize essays related to the document-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included

Ethical Responsibilities Of The Stakeholders - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Responsibilities Of The Stakeholders. Answer: Analysis of the Commonwealth Bank Stakeholders The fundamental legitimate obligations of executives are to act in compliance with established goals of the Bank in light of a sound concern for the bank. Furthermore, the obligations are owed to the bank for the most part and not the investors at a given point of time. Although the huge responsibility of governing the bank as a whole is endowed upon the directors, they receive various incentives especially in the form of money. The most prominent task of shareholders is to provide the funding. Furnishing information is also a major responsibility of the shareholders (Bebchuk, Cohen and Wang 2014). Shareholders of the Commonwealth Bank have the capacity to impact the companys decisions to a certain extent. Shareholders can expect a total return of about 104.8% at the end of 5 years (Commbank.com.au, 2018). Apart from this, special discounts and bonuses are also given to the shareholders. Shareholders consequently expect to be treated with importance while important decisions are made. Customers are the primary source of income for the bank. Banks invest the money deposited by the customers and gain huge profits from it. Customers expect a secure and hassle free deposition and transaction of their finances. According to the Shareholder Review of 2016 of the bank, deposits made by the customers represented 66% of the total group funding (Commbank.com.au, 2018). As in any other line of work, bank employees regulate and conduct all the interactions with customers. Their tireless efforts ensure the productivity of the bank at large. Employees receive bonuses and special benefits in return. The profession of banking is regarded as very respectable in general. Bank directors and the management teams are the gatekeepers of money related solidity, which is a standout amongst the most valuable open merchandise. Bank management teams need to guarantee that the bank procedure as considered and executed by administration has a proper functional profile. That budgetary information precisely portrays the bank's state in general and thus cautious measures are needed to ensure investors' cash and investors' assets security (Boubaker, Mansali and Rjiba 2014). In short, the directors perform their activities without acquiring unreasonable risks. According to the normative model, supervisors or directors need to ensure that unnecessary and impetuous risks are not taken by the bank (Parente et al. 2016). Establishing a well scrutinized policy can reduce these risks significantly. It is the responsibility of the director to make sure that all the employees and workers adhere to those norms and regulations (Agn, Dellmuth and Tallberg 2015). However, intro ducing a policy that somewhat restricts the actions of employees and workers can be challenging at times. Thus it needs to be in congruence with the bank's ideologies and should be of the best interests of all the employees as well (Bukair and Rahman 2015). Nevertheless, directors need to maintain a certain level of independency while constructing these policies. Any bias or partiality will not be tolerated on the part of the director as the director of the bank is usually held accountable for any major issues that the bank faces. Employees are considered as the limbs of any working organizations. From day to day interaction with the customers to making sure all the transactions are completed securely and on time, every duty is distributed among employees at different levels (Ferdous and Moniruzzaman 2015). Thus, it is essential that they work with commitment and perseverance. Bank workers, otherwise called bank employees, are in charge of the vast majority of the ordinary operations at money related establishments. They must monitor all the cash that goes through a bank. This is no simple errand, as a bank of this magnitude has numerous exchanges each day. The expected set of responsibilities of a bank employee uncovers what bank employees do to screen each penny (Sharif and Rashid 2014). According to the Lawrence Kohlberg's different stages of moral development model, the pre conventional level suggests that obedience and self interest should be incorporated in the employees (Mallin, Farag and Ow-Yong 2014). Employees should have the urge to avoid punishments or penalties at any cost. This urge can be enhanced significantly if the work in hand can be viewed from a perspective of self interest. Working harder for benefits or incentives will only elevate the overall quality of the work. Conventions are the second level of Kohlbergs hypothesis (Thoma, Bebeau and Narvaez 2016). Working by the social norms and maintaining a respectable character should be the main focus of the employees. Several laws and policies are also been implemented and developed in banks to maintain any such policies. The stakeholder theory refers to the management procedures of an organization that comprises of business ethics, morals and values (Hung 2015). According to the model, a bank has primarily two types of stakeholders, viz. Internal Stakeholders and External Stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are the various employees associated with the bank, the managers and the owners of the bank (Hrisch, Freeman and Schaltegger 2014). Whereas, society, shareholders, customers and the suppliers are the instances of external stakeholders. This theory is concerned with providing the maximum value to the stakeholders, especially shareholders. Since a bank relies heavily on the shareholders, both financially and administratively, it is the duty of the shareholders to encourage a steady prosperity of the bank. Shareholders, who have been associated with the bank for long and have significant knowledge about the bank's functionality, can provide guidance to the board of directors. In case the directing bo ard decides on doing something unethical, the shareholders can sell the shares and consequently make the bank incur huge financial losses. Recommendations (Memorandum) dd/mm/yyyy MEMOANDUM TO: The Board of Directors, The Commonwealth Bank of Australia FROM: -name- SUBJECT: Restoring credibility of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. The three areas that should be regarded more important than the rest are the action of the board, functionality of the management and the assimilation of a decent human resource department. Rests four component model is named after its developer, James Rest (1983). It describes the four abilities. Moral affectability concentrates on the capability to distinguish between the circumstances that are ethical and those which are not. Moral judgment obliges the person of concern to analyse the situation and take appropriate action. Moral inspiration includes prioritization of ethical rationalities. Finally, moral actions are meant to be taken on the basis of moral skills that are required. The main purpose of the board of directors is to make sure that the company prospers as a whole (Jizi et al. 2014). Apart from all the professional issues, the board members face various issues regarding corporate governance. It is of paramount importance that the board members regularly meet and discuss the numerous policies and norms. Members are entrusted with governing the bank in the right direction. In recent times, the bank has been involved in various dishonoring acts and issues that even made the CEO resign. Thus an overall change is needed, starting at the top of the administration. Clueless management adds to instability of the administration significantly. Without a good management team to implement the strategies and policies defined by the board of directors, no organization can function accurately. A capable management team will guide the bank to a more productive and profitable path (Campiglio 2016). With introduction of systematic policies that ensures profitability of the bank and the skills to operate even under substandard leadership of board members, a good management team can take the bank a long way. A well-structured human resource development department can provide the bank with stability and honesty. From recruiting skilled and honest employees to maintaining a safe and honest environment in the office, human resources department ensures that a certain level of dignity is maintained through the hierarchy of officials. It is evident from the reports in the recent times that there is a lack of proper and ethical leadership in the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Thus, a change in the leadership would cast an overall change over the bank for good. A bank of such high popularity will always be under the radar of media and other inspective organizations. Any sort of corruption or fraudulence will be exposed sooner or later. Time and again the bank has been involved in controversies. In spite of existing norms and policies of the bank, employees at different levels have been involved in corruption. A rigid board of members with ethical mindset will make certain that corruption is not tolerated within the bank. A management team with strong ethics helps to maintain a standard quality of work. Different ethical programs and norms highlight the required values while making sure that the organizations ideologies are in alignment with these values. A proper management team dedicates itself to the promotion of the banks public image. Scrutinizing every policy from an ethical point of view leads to an ethical environment overall. Needless to say, in the context of recent scandals, the bank needs it more than ever. It is better to invest more on ensuring a corruption free administration than to face a litigation charge. Thoughtfulness regarding business morals is basic amid times of principal change and is of utmost importance in times much like those confronted now by organizations, both philanthropic or for benefit. Amid times of progress, there is regularly no reasonable good compass to manage pioneers through complex clashes about what is correct or off-base. Proceeding with thoughtfulness regarding morals in the working environment sharpens pioneers and staff to how they need to act reliably. Human Resource department will ensure a better relation between customer and the employees. In recent times the public image of the bank has somewhat been derelict. Employees need to be assessed carefully depending on their personalities and attitudes. Human resource department complies with the laws established for the benefit of workers as well as the organization itself. In case the department fails to do so, the working environment may become unsafe inside the bank which will in turn result in degrade d productivity and cause dissatisfaction among employees and customers, both. Human Resource officials must outline and screen work procedures to diminish the open doors for internal larceny. Human resource strategies should scrutinize and carefully observe each steps of money collection, handling that money and keep accounts of all exercises by means of video surveillance. In case a corrupt official makes an attempt to take money from a bank, the HR division must deal with the necessary lawful actions and regulatory procedures required by the bank's policies. References Boubaker, S., Mansali, H. and Rjiba, H., 2014. Large controlling shareholders and stock price synchronicity.Journal of Banking Finance,40, pp.80-96. Parente, T.C., Parente, T.C., Machado Filho, C.A.P. and Machado Filho, C.A.P., 2016. Corporate social responsibility: perceptions of directors in Brazil.Management Research Review,39(11), pp.1472-1493. Sharif, M. and Rashid, K., 2014. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting: an empirical evidence from commercial banks (CB) of Pakistan.Quality Quantity,48(5), pp.2501-2521. Mallin, C., Farag, H. and Ow-Yong, K., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Islamic banks.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,103, pp.S21-S38. Bebchuk, L., Cohen, A. and Wang, C.C., 2014. Golden parachutes and the wealth of shareholders.Journal of Corporate Finance,25, pp.140-154. Boubaker, S., Mansali, H. and Rjiba, H., 2014. Large controlling shareholders and stock price synchronicity.Journal of Banking Finance,40, pp.80-96. Hrisch, J., Freeman, R.E. and Schaltegger, S., 2014. Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework.Organization Environment,27(4), pp.328-346. Hung, H.F., 2015. The Causal Model of Green Marketing Strategy from View of Stakeholder Theory and Marketing Exchange.Journalof BusinessandEconomics, p.460. Campiglio, E., 2016. Beyond carbon pricing: The role of banking and monetary policy in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy.Ecological Economics,121, pp.220-230. Agn, ., Dellmuth, L.M. and Tallberg, J., 2015. Does stakeholder involvement foster democratic legitimacy in international organizations? An empirical assessment of a normative theory.The Review of International Organizations,10(4), pp.465-488 Thoma, S.J., Bebeau, M.J. and Narvaez, D., 2016. How not to evaluate a psychological measure: Rebuttal to criticism of the Defining Issues Test of moral judgment development by Curzer and colleagues.Theory and Research in Education,14(2), pp.241-249. Commbank.com.au. (2018).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/about-us/shareholders/pdfs/annual-reports/annual_report_2017_14_aug_2017.pdf [Accessed 12 Jan. 2018] Bowen, D.E., 2016. The changing role of employees in service theory and practice: An interdisciplinary view.Human Resource Management Review,26(1), pp.4-13. Bukair, A.A. and Rahman, A.A., 2015. The effect of the board of directors' characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosure by Islamic banks.Journal of Management Research,7(2), p.506. Ferdous, M. and Moniruzzaman, M., 2015. An empirical evidence of corporate social responsibility by banking sector based on Bangladesh.Asian Business Review,3(4), pp.82-87. Jizi, M.I., Salama, A., Dixon, R. and Stratling, R., 2014. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from the US banking sector.Journal of Business Ethics,125(4), pp.601-615.

Intercultural communication and cross

Intercultural communication and cross-cultural man Essay agement When talking about Intercultural communication and cross-cultural man Essayagement, we more or less have to accept that culture does exist, at least as an abstract concept or as an abstract unit. As a unit one can analyze and try to understand a culture, which may have vague or undefined borderlines separating one culture from another. These borderlines which might move from time to time and from situation to situation can, however, be crossed for various reasons, such as in connection with all kinds of intercultural co-operation, international tourism, cross-cultural management, etc. And intercultural communication, of course, is important in all of these situations. My understanding of culture will be covered by the following definition: Culture is the philosophy of life, the values, norms and rules, and actual behavior as well as the material and immaterial products from these which are taken over by man from the past generations, and which man wants to bring forward to the next generation eventually in a different form and which in one way or another separate individuals belonging to the culture from individuals belonging to other cultures As time goes on, people begin to fine other resource beyond their home country. Join in international company and work in host country, as their inner philosophy of their life exist, they cant avoid culture shock, other people use their own way to thinking to acting, different way of conduct business, value and norms est. both of these will crash both of people involved in this condition will reduce efficient or ability of them and process of doing things. From article of attention!! Working in Swiss and differences between Germans and Americans we see these countries have different measurements of doing things-their uncertainty avoid, low or high power distance, individualism collectivism both of these will effect through whole management process and base on managers capability of culture awareness and subordinates different culture awareness. With fast changing of this world company need high quality workers some of them may come from different culture, so intercultural management appears. In order to let them work efficiently supervisor should improve their knowledge of different culture or company fail in competition. As individual work in different culture environment who should also know different culture exist in different country and different type of people, know it and adopt differences between their home countries as soon as possible. We can get final success only if we do in this way follow the rule of this game!! .

How To Write A Sample Essay As Great As The Law of Gravity By William J. Heisler

How To Write A Sample Essay As Great As The 'Law of Gravity' By William J. HeislerIf you are a college student that has taken AP Lit for your college entrance exams, then you would know how difficult it is to write a real good essay. A good essay, be it fiction or non-fiction, has to take its own shape. Hence, when writing a sample essay for the AP Lit Exam, you would want to know how to help your essay stand out from the rest.Here is a practical application of this principle in writing an essay. Suppose that you were to write an essay on this topic: 'The Law of Gravity'. You might very well find that a lot of essay writing writers have written essays on this subject, some of which are very good, while others are hardly worth the name. On the other hand, some of these writers had yet to attain their full potential. Your example for the later type of essay would be: 'Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution: Origins and Problems' by William J. Heisler.Heisler's essay was an extremely inte resting piece, with subjects and topics that did not simply fall into chronological order, but were much more interesting in themselves. In Heisler's essay, he places the evolution of the species, its stages, its stages of development, its varieties, its methods, its causes, its uses, etc. But above all, Heisler's essay took its own shape and set of topics and started from the place where Darwin had started from: the Origin of Species.The central and at the same time most important concept in Heisler's essay is the one that he presented in his introduction, as the major theme of his essay. This theme is the theory of evolution. From this premise Heisler's essay jumps into a question and answer manner and moves from there. His explanation for Darwin's theory of evolution is really compelling, and it is because of this that it got him to write 'Origin of Species', instead of 'Necessary Conditions for Evolution' as he could have done with his essay 'The Law of Gravity'.The rest of the essay is equally powerful and worthy of consideration. The reading, the discussion and the essays, which are also included in the book, are all very compelling. The entire essay, however, is also extremely effective because Heisler chose to make a conversation between two characters that were very different. The premise and the topic are very different but the dialogue is very similar, making it feel as if it had been written by the same author.In a way, the essay does remind me of the writings of the great poets, but then again the 'in between' nature of such an essay is what makes it unique. The difference is that the writer of this essay has actually tried to make his essay have something that it would not do on its own. That was probably the idea behind the format, the method and the subject, and Heisler followed suit.There is one final thing I should mention about the structure of this essay. I have found it very difficult to summarize all the different ideas that were written in this essay. So, just for the sake of making this brief, let me list all the ideas that are discussed in the essay.

Animal Farm Summary Essays - British Films, Cold War Films

Animal Farm Summary Animal Farm Summary The book starts in the barnyard of Mr. Jones' "Manor Farm". The animals gather at a meeting led by the white boar, Major. Major shows them that no animal in England is free. He also explains that the stuff that they produce is taken by man and the animals do not benefit. The only thing that man gives is food to survive so more money can be made off of the animals. Majors lets them know that man is the source of all problems and should be eliminated. He proposes that all of the animals should avoid man's habits. Above all Major says to the animals that they cannot kill one another, that they are all equal. A few days later Major dies, but his message remains in the hearts and minds of the animals. Under the leadership of the pigs, who are clearly the more intelligent of the animals, they strike against their human master and manage to get rid of him. After the rebellion, under the direction of Napoleon, the most outspoken pig, and Snowball, the most articulate pig, the animals continue to work the farm with success. The animals now come up with a set of rules to run their society. They are labeled "the Seven Commandments of Animalism" and are posted on the barn wall. 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed 5. No animal shall drink alcohol 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal The animals succeed at running the farm for a little while. They finish all of their work with stunning efficiency and every week hold ceremonies to celebrate the rebellion and to plan work. Meanwhile, the pigs as leaders are taking bigger food rations for themselves justifying their behavior as something necessary for the "brains" of their animal society. They explain that it is necessary or else the farmers might come back and take over the farm. The farmers do try to reclaim their tries to reclaim his power but the animals prevent him from doing so in what they call "The Battle of the Cowshed". The conflict between Napoleon and Snowball gets more intense. At every meeting they can never agree on what needs to be done. Napoleon and Snowball fight over whether or not a windmill should be built. Snowball has proposed this idea and Napoleon is, of course, against it. After the battle, Napoleon drives Snowball off the farm telling everyone that Snowball was on Mr. Jones' side. Napoleon is seen as a great leader by the animals because he had the wisdom to remove the traitor. Slowly, Napoleon gets a stronger and stronger hold over the other animals, dominating their every action. The situation at "Animal Farm", the new name for "Manor Farm", really starts to change now. Napoleon moves into Mr. Jones' house, sleeps in his bed, and even wears his clothes. These things were, of course, against the seven commandments but Napoleon found a way to interpret them as legal. In defiance of the original laws, Napoleon befriends Mr. Pilkington, the human owner of a nearby farm. Napoleon maintained an unbelievable amount of control over the animals as demonstrated by their acceptance of this relation to a man. In fact, almost every commandment is violated and then changed. After winning a battle against Mr. Frederick and his men the pigs have a drinking party and change the commandment to " thou shall not drink to excess." The pigs are using all of the resources and giving none to the other animals. The other animals are struggling to build the schoolhouse and the windmill while the pigs wear clothes, eat and drink. While working ferociously, Boxer collapses and Napoleon announces that he will be taken to the hospital. But when the truck arrives the animals realize that he is going to a horse slaughter house. But it's too late. A few years go by and the difference between man and pig is not noticeable to the other animals. The book ends with the pigs walking around on to legs in clothes and conversing with men. The only thing left out of the Seven Commandments is " All animals are equal. But some are more equal than others"